Russian Lawmakers Approve Long Jail Terms for Military Surrender, Refusal to Serve
Russian lawmakers
passed sweeping legislation Tuesday introducing jail terms of up to 15 years for wartime acts, including surrendering, as the country’s forces face major battlefield setbacks nearly seven months after invading Ukraine.
Voluntary surrender and looting are punished by 10 and 15 years in prison, respectively, with “mobilization, martial law and wartime” listed as aggravating circumstances.
Desertion during mobilization or wartime will be punished by up to 10 years, according to the bill authored by members of all parties represented in parliament.
Conscientious objectors are punished by up to three years in prison during wartime.
The bill introduces the concepts of “mobilization, martial law and wartime” previously not mentioned in the Russian Criminal Code, according to human rights lawyer Pavel Chikov, who first
reported on the draft Duma bill.
Observers speculate that its passage paves the way for general mobilization amid Russia’s struggles to replenish its depleting troops in Ukraine.
Soldiers who refuse service can be jailed even without martial law, military lawyer Maxim Grebenyuk
told the independent news website Vyorstka, pointing to language in the legislation that punishes soldiers during an “armed conflict.”
The State Duma, Russia’s lower house of parliament, voted unanimously in favor of the bill, Chikov said.
Russia’s upper house of parliament, the Federation Council, is expected to pass the draft bill on Wednesday, according to state media.
The wartime jail terms will then come into force the day President Vladimir Putin signs the bill into law.
Russian lawmakers passed sweeping legislation Tuesday introducing jail terms of up to 15 years for wartime acts, including surrendering, as the country’s forces face major battlefield setbacks nearly seven months after invading Ukraine.
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Pro-Moscow Officials in Occupied Ukraine to Hold Russia Annexation Votes
Authorities in separatist- and Russia-occupied regions of Ukraine on Tuesday said they will stage referendums on formally joining Russia in a matter of days.
The announcement comes as Moscow's forces face continued setbacks in their nearly seven-month war against Kyiv, leading to speculation that the Kremlin could announce a wider mobilization to shore up its military.
The Donetsk People's Republic (DNR) and the neighboring Luhansk People's Republic (LNR) will both hold their referendums on Sept. 23-27,
officials there
said.
DNR leader Denis Pushilin said that a vote on joining Russia was overdue.
"I think that people have long been waiting for a referendum here and it will probably be a political move that will help ensure the safety of civilians," Russian news agencies quoted him as telling state television.
Moscow-installed officials in the occupied Kherson region and partially occupied Zaporizhzhia region soon followed suit,
announcing their own referendums to be held on the same dates as the DNR and LNR.
“We have set a course for reunification, a return to Russia. And we will not turn away from it,” Kherson's Moscow-appointed leader Vladimir Saldo
said in a video message.
The Moscow stock exchange was down by more than 10% at one point following the announcements, the Kommersant business daily
reported.
Earlier Tuesday, former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev called the possible referendums in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions “essential,” saying they would allow Moscow to utilize its full military capability in the region.
"Encroachment onto the territory of Russia is a crime which allows you to use all self-defense forces," Medvedev, who is now the deputy head of Russia's Security Council,
said in a post on the Telegram messaging app.
Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov also backed the referendums.
“The current situation proves that they [people from the occupied regions] want to be masters of their own destiny,” Lavrov
said.
Russian State Duma speaker Vyacheslav Volodin
said Moscow would support the separatist republics if their residents voted in favor of joining Russia.
“Everything that is happening today (calls to hold referendums) is an absolutely unequivocal ultimatum from Russia to Ukraine and the West,”
said Tatiana Stanovaya, a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
“To guarantee 'victory,' Putin is ready to hold referendums immediately to get the right (as he thinks) to use nuclear weapons to defend Russian territory,” Stanovaya said in a Telegram post on Tuesday, adding that Putin could use the possible annexation “to threaten the use of nuclear weapons to defend Russian territory.”
Large parts of the industrial Donbas area have been controlled by Moscow-backed separatists since 2014, after nationwide demonstrations ousted Ukraine's Kremlin-friendly president.
Russia at the time annexed the Crimean peninsula from Ukraine with a vote that was criticized by Kyiv and the West, which imposed sanctions in response.
Both Kyiv and its allies in the West have likewise said they will not recognize the results of any new referendums in separatist- or Russia-controlled regions.
And Ukraine on Tuesday vowed to "eliminate" Russian threats against the war-torn country following the separatists' referenda announcements.
"Ukraine will solve the Russian issue. The threat can be eliminated only by force," said the Ukraine presidency's chief of staff, Andriy Yermak.
Authorities in separatist- and Russia-occupied regions of Ukraine on Tuesday said they will stage referendums on formally joining Russia in a matter of days.
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