I've grown in paper towel rolls, cups, old fast food containers, and seed starting flats just to name a few. My favorite is one gallon fabric Smart Pots®. I haven't really noticed a difference except I water less often with a larger container and I don't have to transplant as soon.
However I only keep my plants indoors for three to four weeks. I transplant to my garden outside as soon as possible. When I didn't prepare the garden beds in time I've put them in ten gallon Smart Pots®, but a few times I noticed that the plants that were in Smart Pots to long became stunted. Plants that were in the ground as little as two weeks sooner were almost double in size come harvest.
I think the size of the container doesn't really matter but once your plant is root bound you lost some yield. Slicing the sides helps but the damage is still done. Air pots, smart pots, cow pots, etc will still root bound your plants if your not paying attention.
Ideally you want the roots to always be two inches away from container side walls and bottom. Once they touch the container its time to transplant.