Hans Panel 56w triband led(65w total)>VS<Indagro 100 full spec induction(105w)+FIGHT!

I found this to be an intriguing picture in the way the leaf orientation is so different between the lights. The annubis are reaching up towards the IG and the cheese under the Hans have remained for the most part flat. Any thoughts?

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chazbolin said:

I found the quote tab on the top of the toolbar next to 'insert video'. When you click it you get this: [QUTE][/QUTE] which (I took the O out so it would post here) lets you set whatever text you copy and paste inside it. Hope that helps. It took me forever to figure out how to do it but like most things in life it was right in front of me the whole time. Hey if SDS can get philosophical so can I. And don't worry I won't tell him I've gone over to the other side. At least not yet.

Hey that cheese is flowering. I guess patience is a virtue after all. Congrats!

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I found this to be an intriguing image in the way the leaf orientation is so dramatically different between the two lights. The annubis are reaching up towards the IG and the cheese under the Hans have remained for the most part flat. Perhaps it's strain related. Any thoughts?

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tenthirty said:

Me too, I always took this as a good sign.

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PetFlora said:

Many know I have 2 tents, one is HOT5s, which allows me to play with spectrums at the twist of the wrist. Now at 35 days since first bud clusters appeared. When I used my UVL 660, one plant responded by curling (clawing leaves). I took it out and now the new leaves are flat.

Now I am using 3 UVL Red Lifes + 1 Florasun, which has a small 660 peak. SO I think you want SOME 660, but it is easily overdone

In the mean time, my LED tent is rockin' it. ~80w was neck and neck with 216w with fairly comparable bud development, but since adding 3 cfls bulbs for side lighting about 5 days ago, bud mass under the HOT5 is pulling ahead

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THE KONASSURE said:

cfl`s are the best way to get uv onto some bud as you can target the bud`s you want to hit with it and they are really cheap but saying that them new e27 fitting induction lights look decent but a 40w one is £40 where as a 105w 2700k cfl is only £10

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Beyond maximizing harvest index,
ideal crop plant architecture should minimize
the highest photon flux density at an individual
leaf level while at the same time maximize the
total solar energy absorbed by the canopy per
unit ground area. Ideally, the plant architecture
and leaf biochemical properties should be designed
so that the light levels match the photosynthetic
capacity at different layers within the
canopy (52, 90). It is not fully clear how well nitrogen
distribution within a canopy tracks light
distribution, although the photosynthetic apparatus
show clear differentiation under different
light conditions (121&#8211;123). What is the optimal
plant architecture? When leaf area index
(LAI) is lower than 2, canopies with horizontal
leaves will enable the greatest interception of
daily incident solar irradiance (73). For a canopy
with a higher LAI, however, an ideal plant architecture
will have a more vertical leaf angle at
the top of the canopy that gradually decreases
with depth into the canopy (72). This will ensure
that light is spread more evenly through
the canopy and that a high proportion of leaves
will fall on the high-efficiency left-hand side of
Figure 3. Theoretical analysis suggested that
compared to a canopy with horizontal leaves,
a canopy with a gradual decreased leaf angle
can increase the daily intergral of carbon uptake
as much as 40% on a sunny day at midlatitude
(72). A season-long improvement of &#949;c of
&#8764;20%could result from the avoidance of severe
light saturation at the top of the canopy and severe
light limitation within the canopy due to
the improved canopy architecture.
Substantial progress has been made in elucidating
the genetic basis of plant architecture
determination (85, 112). In rice, the dwarf
stature is caused by loss of function of brassinosteroid
insensitive1 ortholog, OsBRI1 (85).
One allele of OsBRI1, d61&#8211;7, confers important
agronomic traits&#8212;semidwarf stature and
erect leaves&#8212;and led to 30% more grain yield
than wild type at high planting densities (85).
Genes for the erect leaves likely exist in most
current crops (107, 10; if so, searching for
d61&#8211;7 like alleles may be an important way forward
in improving &#949;c. Additionally, engineering
or selecting plants with gradually decreasing
leaf angles at different layers of canopy has
the potential to further increase &#949;c compared to
either a uniform horizontal leaf angle or a uniform
erect leaf angle (72). Theoretically, optimal
architecture in plant monocultures will
differ among species that vary in plant stature,
leaf chlorophyll content, canopy albedo, and
other species-specific features. Additionally, geographic
location and time of the year matter
because canopies with higher LAI and more
erect leaves show the greatest advantage with
high solar elevation,such as during summer or
at low latitude (26).

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Second, leaf angle has been identified as influencing the degree of light saturation of upper leaves (Yoshida, 1981b). At the IRRI in the Philippines, new rice varieties have been developed that possess a series of ideal traits, including rigid, upright leaves. These varieties are called NPT. Upright leaves were introduced to these new varieties to increase the penetration of sunlight through to lower leaves, thus optimizing light distribution throughout the canopy. Leaf orientation influences the amount of light absorbed by altering both the level of reflectance and the available cross-sectional area (He et al., 1996; Valladares and Pearcy, 1997). The upright leaf angle therefore profoundly influences the changes in light absorption occurring during the diurnal cycle. Light saturation of photosynthesis may not be reached, or may be short-lived, and the period of exposure to high-light stress reduced. An upright leaf angle is not expected to greatly alter the diurnal changes in leaf temperature, suggesting that there will be periods of low light absorption and high temperature.

Third, the light responses of leaves are predicted to be altered with growth of the crop. We have observed that, as the canopy matures and the grain-filling stage progresses, more than 50% of NPT flag leaves adopt a more horizontal orientation, predicting that there will be long periods of light saturation of photosynthesis. The grain-filling period also coincides with the onset of leaf senescence, the decline in photosynthesis capacity due to a breakdown of Rubisco and Chl-containing protein complexes (Makino et al., 1985; Kura-Hotta et al., 1987), again creating conditions in which light stress could be increased. In fact, there is some evidence to suggest that photoinhibition is enhanced during leaf senescence

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In conclusion, we identified five advantages of vertical leaf
angle orientation in a tropical tree species: (1) it reduces excessive
light interception; (2) it lowers leaf temperature; (3) it protects
the photosynthetic apparatus against photodamage by
excessive light; (4) it minimizes xanthophyll cycle activity and
reduces the cost for xanthophyll biosynthesis; and (5) it enhances
photosynthetic activity and helps sustain high plant
productivity.

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At low light (< 100µmol quanta m[SUP]&#8211;2 [/SUP]s[SUP]&#8211;1[/SUP]), both sun and shade leaves use more than 80% of absorbed light for photosynthesis. Once P[SUB]max[/SUB] has been reached, all additional light is in excess, and since shade plants have a lower P[SUB]max[/SUB] than sun plants, they experience more excess light at a given photon irradiance above saturation. Additional stresses such as drought, nutrient limitation or temperature extremes can lead to a reduction in P[SUB]max[/SUB] and thus increase the probability that plants will be exposed to excess light. However, even the most hardy sun plant will reach P[SUB]max[/SUB] at less than full sunlight (incident beam normal to leaf surface). At that level (say, 1000µmol quanta m[SUP]&#8211;2[/SUP] s[SUP]&#8211;1[/SUP]) approximately 25% of absorbed energy is used in driving photosynthesis, but at full sunlight (c. 2000µmol quanta m[SUP]&#8211;2[/SUP] s[SUP]&#8211;1[/SUP]) as little as 10% is used in this way (Long et al. 1994). Individual leaves on plants growing in full sun commonly experience excess light. Such light is potentially damaging, and plants adapted to full sunlight have evolved with a number of mechanisms for either avoiding excess light or for dissipating excess absorbed energy. Mechanisms for avoiding high light such as leaf angle and surface features, forestall absorption of excess light.

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Shade plants can increase their interception of light by producing larger leaves. Some of the largest leaves are produced by plants found in rainforest understoreys (Figure 12.3). Leaf size can even change within an individual plant, smaller leaves being produced near the top where irradiance is highest, and larger leaves towards the interior and base where light levels are lower. Another way to change light interception is by changing leaf angle and/or orientation. Vertical arrangements enhance interception of light at low sun angles during early morning or late afternoon, and reduce interception at solar noon when radiation levels are highest. Leaves that are displayed horizontally will intercept light all day long, but especially around midday. Accordingly, leaves in a rainforest tend to be vertical in emergent crowns and horizontal in the understorey. Similarly, pendulant leaves of many Australian trees such as eucalypts that typically occur in high light environments represent an adaptation that helps avoid excess midday radiation.

Figure 12.4 Time-course of leaf unfolding in Oxalis oregana, an understory herb of Redwood forests in western USA, in response to arrival and departure of an intense sunfleck. Photon irradiance before and after the sunfleck was 4 µmol quanta m[SUP]-2[/SUP] s[SUP]-1[/SUP] compared with 1590 µmol quanta m[SUP]-2[/SUP] s[SUP]-1[/SUP] during direct illumination. Leaf folding avoids photoinhibition
(Based on Björkman and Powles 1981)






Many plants can change their leaf angles and orientation in response to a change in light. Some do this to increase interception while others do it to avoid high light. A good example of optimising light interception through leaf move-ment is given by Oxalis oregana, an understorey herb of red-wood forests in western USA (Figure 12.4). This plant is able to track sunlight on dull days, but can change leaf angle from horizontal to vertical in only 6 min if exposed to full sunlight (Björkman and Powles 1981). In this way, leaves can maintain maximum photosynthetic rates under a variety of light conditions. Omalanthus novo-guinensis, an Australian rainforest plant, can also change leaf angles in response to full sunlight within about 20 min

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Third, the light responses of leaves are predicted to be altered with growth of the crop. We have observed that, as the canopy matures and the grain-filling stage progresses, more than 50% of NPT flag leaves adopt a more horizontal orientation, predicting that there will be long periods of light saturation of photosynthesis. The grain-filling period also coincides with the onset of leaf senescence, the decline in photosynthesis capacity due to a breakdown of Rubisco and Chl-containing protein complexes (Makino et al., 1985; Kura-Hotta et al., 1987), again creating conditions in which light stress could be increased. In fact, there is some evidence to suggest that photoinhibition is enhanced during leaf senescence

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To erect or not to erect ? That's the question ...(chlorophyllosophy ..... )

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chazbolin said:

I hark back to the tv commercial for Viagra that warns that 'when taking Viagra if your erection lasts more that 4 hours you should call a doctor'.
Nonsense. Like any 'erect plant' would do I'm going to double down and make the most of it: http://losangeles.backpage.com/FemaleEscorts/

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