The Evolution of the Trichome

potroast

Uses the Rollitup profile
From my many readings I've taken that potency is genetic, and we try to get the most out of the plant that we can. Apparently there are environmental factors that will influence potency, but what we call potency, really cannabinoid make-up and amount of resin, is genetically set.

HTH :mrgreen:
 

skunkushybrid

New Member
Thanks potroast... yes, everything is genetically set to a maximum... and there is no way of enhancing something without playing on the gentic level.

Even the plant's size is genetic.

Yet everything about genetics seems to come in degrees. Just because a plant is genetically capable of reaching 30ft does not mean that the environment will allow it to do so.

I'm hoping you can answer this one pot': When potency is tested on a plant, which part of the plant is tested? Top, middle or bottom?

One of the first things I learned as a grower is that the top part of the plant will always be the most potent.
 

closet.cult

New Member
actually, from what we have already discussed and researched, THC is found ONLY in the trichnome glands. in particular, the capitulated stalks. you have to test the trics (i imagine any of the trics will do, from the top or bottom) to test THC.

THC potency was also largely dependant on plant age. flower too soon, it will not be the top shelf of the plants genes.
 

skunkushybrid

New Member
actually, from what we have already discussed and researched, THC is found ONLY in the trichnome glands. in particular, the capitulated stalks. you have to test the trics (i imagine any of the trics will do, from the top or bottom) to test THC.

THC potency was also largely dependant on plant age. flower too soon, it will not be the top shelf of the plants genes.
Thanks closet. wake n bake here in good ol' merry england.

There is more potency at the top of the plant because there are more active trich's... of course.:mrgreen: So to test a potent trich from lower down the plant would be the same as testing a potent trich' from up above.

Or would it? The environment is different.
 

tahoe58

Well-Known Member
hey PotR....totally agree....genetic potential is either reailized or compromised by environmental factors. :blsmoke:
From my many readings I've taken that potency is genetic, and we try to get the most out of the plant that we can. Apparently there are environmental factors that will influence potency, but what we call potency, really cannabinoid make-up and amount of resin, is genetically set.

HTH :mrgreen:
hey Skunk and Cult - the stuff I have read (I realize that this is it not real world hands on experience) would suggest that the concentration of trichomes and therefore THC and therefore potency do increase as you go up the plant. I am looking forward to being able to do my own "tesitng"


The major sites of cannabinoid production appear to be epidermal glands (Fairbairn 1972,Hammond and Mahlberg 1973, Lanyon
[FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al.
1981, Malingre [FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al. [/FONT]1975) which exhibit a marked variation in size, shape and population density, depending on the anatomical locale examined.


The cannabinoid content of each plant part varies, paralleling observable glanddistribution (Fetterman [/FONT][FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al. [/FONT]1971, Honma [FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al. [/FONT]1971a & 1971b, Kimura and Okamoto 1970,Ohlsson [FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al. [/FONT]1971, Ono [FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al. [/FONT]1972), although Turner [FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al. [/FONT](1978) have disagreed. Rootsc contain only trace amounts. Stalks, branches and twigs have greater quantities, although not asmuch as leaf material. Vegetative leaf contains varying quantities depending on its position on the plant: lower leaves possessing less and upper ones more. Leaf glands are most dense on the abaxial (underside) surface. The greatest amount of cannabinoids is found in the new growthnear each apical tip (Kimura and Okamoto 1970, Steinberg [FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al. 1975), although Ono [FONT=TimesNewRoman,Italic]et al.[/FONT](1972) seem to differ on this point. This variation in leaf gland placement may be due to either loss of glands as the leaf matures or a greater the endowment of glands on leaves successively produced as the plant matures. Additional study on this point is required.[/FONT]
Thanks potroast... yes, everything is genetically set to a maximum... and there is no way of enhancing something without playing on the gentic level.

Even the plant's size is genetic.​


Yet everything about genetics seems to come in degrees. Just because a plant is genetically capable of reaching 30ft does not mean that the environment will allow it to do so.​



I'm hoping you can answer this one pot': When potency is tested on a plant, which part of the plant is tested? Top, middle or bottom?​




One of the first things I learned as a grower is that the top part of the plant will always be the most potent.​


actually, from what we have already discussed and researched, THC is found ONLY in the trichnome glands. in particular, the capitulated stalks. you have to test the trics (i imagine any of the trics will do, from the top or bottom) to test THC.

THC potency was also largely dependant on plant age. flower too soon, it will not be the top shelf of the plants genes.​
 

closet.cult

New Member
Thanks closet. wake n bake here in good ol' merry england.

There is more potency at the top of the plant because there are more active trich's... of course.:mrgreen: So to test a potent trich from lower down the plant would be the same as testing a potent trich' from up above.

Or would it? The environment is different.
are you sure there is not simply more resin at the top of the plants. it is not obvious to me that there is greater potency in the trics just because it is higher.

well, the one rule i can think of is the taller the plant is the greater exposure there is to the UVB spectrum, which is the true catalyst for turning canabinoid precursers into THC.

so perhaps so. but i cant think of any other physiological reasons for it.
 

antipythium

Well-Known Member
The plant's not going to invest such complicated mechanisms for a simple reason. Many other plants flower and seed in the same environments as hemp. Most pot doesn't have any thc in it. Therefore the thc isn't central to the plant's need. If a plant is covering seedpods with a sticky substance, it's to repel insects and other predators first.

If it wasn't, and the trichomes' function was other - some really necessary physiological function - they wouldn't be designed to self destruct on contact; they'd be designed to sustain some contact before collapse into goo.

If it wasn't, the uv screen would be incorporated into the sepals around each individual calyx. Much easier, much more rugged, much more efficient.

The mechanism of nature, when it's not in a bind, is to make anything as simple as can be arranged; and that which is complicated, perform as multiple functions when possible.

If the resin was designed to draw feeding animals, it wouldn't intoxicate them. In nature a fall can end a genetic line *snap* like that. All fucked up, flopping around to drunk to fight or flee is called Darwin award candidate. Being snake food, lizard food, anything with an appetite food is what being high means in nature - especially in an accessible environment like a pot plant. Things can climb it; there are no thorns - and eat the buzzed bugs & birds & beasts.

I grew up in a swamp. Later i completed two electronic technician trade schools for 2400 class hours of analyzing systems: their functions, their designs.

About ten years in the field working with all kinds of systems. Nature tends toward combined function and typically doesn't bullshit. If something's in a place - like the trichomes being pushed outward: they're there to be contacted first. If it's very sticky and non water soluble it's that way for a reason. If it's got intoxicants in it, those are there for a reason.

When
(1) it's built outboard when it would be lots cheaper inboard: there's a reason. For something to contact it before it gets to the seed.
(2)it's built incredibly sticky and completely water insoluble: that means it's meant to stick to something.
(3)it's got intoxicants in it: it's meant do deter consumption.
(4)it's thickest around the seeds.... duh.
(5)it's thickest around the seeds that are highest: therefore more likely to be encountered by flying insects, birds - well - it's not just a coincidence. When it's got more intoxicants in it higher up as well - the odds lean even further - as if they had to be - to indicate predation deterrence.

I know i don't post much and might seem to be oversimplifying to seem smart; no.

When many factors point to one thing: it just shouldn't be denied. The secondary functions of uvb absorption undoubtedly have to do with the wavelenghth of that light being able to catalyze chemical reactions that would otherwise be expensive.

Since massive quantities of anything in particular haven't been discovered being formed, this lends the idea that the chemistry is used to form chemicals that will be used locally; probably antibiotic/repellent functions are involved. This is after all a resin heavily vested in terpenes.

And incidentally, what's the last line we see written concerning terpenes in our local wiki terpene article?

"
Agri-chemical use

Research into terpenes has found that many of them possess qualities that make them ideal active ingredients as part of natural agricultural pesticides."




When a small globule of resin is found to contain many chemicals, it's not accidental. That plant's got people to do and things to see. It could just as easily fill it with any one substance as many.


Therefore the usage of the stalk caps is by default multifold. But the facts surrounding it's primary configuration: very sticky; contains intoxicants; contains other, terpene chemistry - a family associated with repellence; the fact the capped stalks are outboard - and, bristle around the fragile seeds -



This is too much to ignore. Additionally the seeds themselves - are specifically NOT designed to be eaten. Their thin shells make them easily cracked and rendered useless for reproduction. If the trichs were designed to draw predation for the function of spreading the plant's genetics, the seeds would be thicker.

Instead, as i noted, the trichs contain oils; are sticky; and intoxicants. At least two of these are well known, obvious repellents. The flavinoid/oil/other ingredients are there to DRAW initial attention: away from? That's right, the seeds.

Animal, insect, using sensory equipment, finds what first? Trichomes. Seeds are buried further below. No odor or tasty components, to the contrary they're very nondescript. They're not designed for intentional predation.


I've repeated myself i realize; most of the time i'm the L.A.S.T. person to suggest there's over analysis of a subject. However the overwhelming empirical evidence is as a repellent/deterrent with additional functions regarding the chemical reactions made easier thru usage of uvB.

Just sayin. When it walks like a duck, quacks like a duck, flies like a duck: it's a duck.
 

potroast

Uses the Rollitup profile
Great stuff, AP. One question though ...

Did you go back and analyze the swamp? :blsmoke:



Your intuitive answer gave me an idea. Could it be that the resin is there for the reasons you say, to ward off predators of the seeds, only until they're ready? IOW once the seeds are mature, and hardened, the resin dries up and the birds are more likely to grab the seeds and spread them, but not until then.

HTH :mrgreen:
 

skunkushybrid

New Member
Yes, thankyou an excellent point.

most pot (hemp) only has very small to no thc in it. Is it most these days, you think?

Which came first cannabis or hemp?

There are also many recordings of animals actually liking intoxification... and many species of plants devise all sorts of means to attract animal attention... from aromas to beautification, mimication... even, I believe, intoxification.

there are monkeys at a certain holiday resort that were recorded in a test. certain of the monkeys would always drink the alcohol, whereas others were tee-total and would only drink the pop (soda). I believe the ratio was 60/40 in favour of the alcohol.

Cannabis may well be a deterrent to certain animals, but another certain animal of the same species may well quite like the high.

I have also never said that they aren't a deterrent, merely that they are also an attractant. To me this is an obvious statement... given the evidence of animal behaviour. Indicas grow very short, how do they defend against mammal predation? If cannabis wanted to discourage mammal predation wouldn't the intoxicants actually be at very toxic levels? If a plant will evolve the mechanism for birds and insects why not do the same for mammals? The reason for this is that plants need animal intervention. When do birds ever fly onto a tree and peck at the fruit while it is still on the tree? Why do they always wait till the fruit has fallen to the ground? Even now as I watch the birds eat the fallen apples in my garden there are still apples on the tree left untouched. How do the birds know there are seeds in the apples? If they know there are seeds in the apples, why do they not try and take them earlier? Is it that the seeds are not ready, or that the birds would have more difficulty getting in? What nutritional value do seeds offer birds?

Also we are forgetting the trichomes relationship with light, the spherical head.

I have a lot of questions, and I need to leave it there for now. Thanks for taking the time to post.
 

daddychrisg

Well-Known Member
This thread is just silly because we all know that Cannabis is not of this world. The infrastructure, defenses, and or attractants are not designed for anything on this planet. Cannabis, just like the mushroom traveled to us from a distant world, it is a teacher and healer, used in the correct way. So I hate to burst the minds of all of you searching for the reason "why", but it is as simple as what I stated above, no more discussion..LOL
 

tahoe58

Well-Known Member
hey cult. thanks for those thoughts. yea I agree....it does make sense. the plant's exposure to elements that it must defend against like wind dessication may also be more as you move up the plant. The denser the plant in the lower branches would also maybe not recieve the same light intensity. But things like insect predation and fingi/bacyeria may be more prevalent in lower reaches where there is less air movement? I suppose the immediate environs of the plants, proximity of other vegetation and things probably also influence it. It is a rather complex response and outdoor plants must deal with a lot more uncertainties in environmental factors than the indoor grows.
are you sure there is not simply more resin at the top of the plants. it is not obvious to me that there is greater potency in the trics just because it is higher.

well, the one rule i can think of is the taller the plant is the greater exposure there is to the UVB spectrum, which is the true catalyst for turning canabinoid precursers into THC.

so perhaps so. but i cant think of any other physiological reasons for it.
 

tahoe58

Well-Known Member
AP, PR and Skunk....interesting thoughts, and thanks for those. I agree that nature is generally simple in it's response to following a path to its continuation and survival. In my case, this discussion as helped me better understand the plant and maybe just confirm that it is following simple biological principles.

dc - I hear ya. although being a biologist - I still see biological entities as something where form follows function - and mutation occurs that provides new opportunities to adapt (or perish). And maybe we have gone a long way down that path of excessive analysis, but asking these questions and postulating potential answers also has some value - to me.
 

skunkushybrid

New Member
here's the nutritional make-up of a hemp seed:

The nutritional composition of a hemp seed is exceptional!
Whole hemp seeds contain approximately 25% protein, 31% fat (in the form of a nutritious oil), and 34% carbohydrates, in addition to an interesting array of vitamins and minerals.


I cannot find anything to tell me the nutritional value of an unripe seed... I feel it's safe to assume though that an unripe seed would hold much less goodness.

Birds eating these seeds at the right time of year would gain a lot of weight, weight needed for the long journey ahead or to brave the coming winter.

Most animals will have regular feeding grounds, some will have more than others... but they will visit these different feeding grounds to match the change in environment. Birds know when the right time to feed on the seeds is... they get them twice a year. Once before the freeze, then another one just afterwards. The seeds are ripe and full of goodness. I'm not sure that birds would be interested in unripe seeds. Many birds need to chew grit and other such things to break down the food they eat, an unripe seed would be hard work and the breaking down of it may use more energy than is useful.
 

potroast

Uses the Rollitup profile
I've been eating hulled hemp seeds for years. I buy them in bulk, called hemp nuggets or hemp nuts, and blend them with water to make hemp milk. The nugget is 50% hemp oil, which is pure protein.

And the most easily assimilated protein that our bodies can use.

HTH :mrgreen: heehee, that means Here's To Health!


:blsmoke:
 

daddychrisg

Well-Known Member
I've been eating hulled hemp seeds for years. I buy them in bulk, called hemp nuggets or hemp nuts, and blend them with water to make hemp milk. The nugget is 50% hemp oil, which is pure protein.

And the most easily assimilated protein that our bodies can use.

HTH
heehee, that means Here's To Health!

I have been eating Hemp seeds for a long time now...I can't get enough! Do you have backing on your statement that hemp protein is the easily assimilated protein that our bodies can use? I just love them, good plain or on salads..anything..I wonder if the birds think the same..I wounder if the plant counts on that, and uses that craving for something beneficial for its kind..I would think this would have to be the strongest desire for especially mammal, to eat the protein of the seed, not get a buzz off the thc. Insects, now that is a different story..Maybe insects stuck in the resin is also a protein blast for the creature eating the seeded flower...? But like I said, this debate is silly...This plant was sent from a different world, to teach...Atleast it is easier for my mind to leave it at that! Keep at it guys, something might end up making sense..
 

skunkushybrid

New Member
yes there is much goodness in a cannabis seed!

do birds have to crack open the shell in order to digest the seed?
They have to do it while the seeds are in the digestive system. the birds will swallow coarse stones or twigs to help the digestive system break down the seeds.

Unripe seeds are exceptionally hard and (I'm assuming) wouldn't hold the same amount of goodness. Which would also mean that it would be pretty pointless for the birds to take the seeds before harvest anyway.
 

jsgrwn

Well-Known Member
I Disagree About The Trichs, I Beleive The Idea That They Are There To Capture The Male Pollen When It Is Ejected Into The Wind. That Explains Why They Are Sticky And Plentifule Right Around The Buds. If The Trichs Captured More Sun Then The Plant Would Have Long Ago Evolved And Covered The Entire Plant To The Tips Of The Leaves With Trichs.
 
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