The smaller the point of light, the better it can be focused and the closer it will behave to the inverse square law.
In plain language, fluoro/PLL/induction is a very spread out source of light so it is difficult to direct it into the canopy very deeply and suffers the worst in terms of reflector losses. To some extent the bulb blocks its own reflected light. They should be as close to the canopy as possible.
HID is more concentrated so it has a very good reach although it also suffers significant reflector losses.
LEDs can be focused with lenses to get good reach or they can be used without lenses and kept very close to the canopy. They can also be used as side lighting. They emit in a cone shape so no need for reflector losses although there are significant losses if lenses are used.
Sorry I dont have any sources just drawing on the basics.