If you have a fan blowing directly on the bulb you can get it down to 2" in some cases but that will still make the plant sweat too much. I like to maintain around 4" with mine, up to 6" but I do have a little 6" el cheapo clip on fan blowing on the bulbs directly from about a foot away.
Under no circumstances would it be efficient further than 6" away, because then it's only giving the best light to the top few inches to the plant.
Don't try to force it too close though if you don't have a fan directly on the bulb or cooltube or something not that it will show physical signs of burn but just will slow or stall growth before actually showing signs of physical burn.
6" without any fan is probably still fine though as long as your ambient temp isn't too high or humidity incredibly low too. (not that anyone should be growing any plants without a fan blowing on the tops of them anyway)