Pink pistil hermi!

Sativied

Well-Known Member
I wish we had access to more legit research on drug cannabis and didnt have to rely on shit we dig up on stoner forums, I would really like some concrete answers as to why the hermi trait is so prevelant!
Me too man. My ICE cross apparently has it, while it's the one with more than half (maybe 100% geno but doesn't always express the pheno) whorled... if it didn't have that I perhaps would have been able to finish a whorled strain this year.

why cant it be bred out like autoflowering or other traits like color or height?
At first I thought it just shows how little actual breeding experience there is combined and at what poor level cannabis breeding is. How can you not breed out the most annoying trait after so many years... but hemp research shows cannabis sativa can be a real bitch.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10681-004-4758-7
The sexual differentiation of Cannabis sativa L.: A morphological and molecular study
Maybe there's a complete version online, or perhaps buy it.

Googling that one again also showed:
http://www.bio.uaic.ro/publicatii/anale_biochimie/data/archive/papers/2007/2/2007_Anale_GBM_VIII_f2_l07.pdf
" The most frequent are the monoecious forms, classified in more categories, on a five-point scale, depending on female flowers/male flowers ratio."
"In breeding activity, the early establishment of the sex would be necessary, imposed by the necessity to remove, from agronomic reasons, the male plants or the high masculinized monoecious plants."

Autoflowering and color are qualitative traits (traits a plant has or hasn't, and based on just on or few genes)), height is at least partly quantitative (like yield, thc level, flower duration, which are based on multiple genes). Qualitative traits are very suitable for breeding mendelian style, while for quantitative traits putting the best with the best is usually the way to go (unless you have 1 exceptional small/frosty/fat/fast pheno).

I honestly don't know where intersex fits in. With an early full blown hermi it seems qualitative. It's either monoecious or it isn't.

But with females that spawn nanners in buds, well, as that last pdf says, a five-point scale, depending on female flowers/male flowers ratio, in other words is treated quantitative. Putting the best with the best to breed out traits entirely requires large plant counts and many generations. Basically the second quote from that second article shows also it's treated as a quantitative trait.

While we want to treat it as a qualitative. We don't want to reduce the amount of male flowers to a minimum but breed out the genes that cause it entirely. That requires those genes are replace by a copies that don't result in male flowers which may not exist in a population even though the others usually don't express it. With a quantitative approach you also could still have the same gene in the strain but the plants are vigorous and stable and stress-resistant enough that they never express it. So it's really hard to know for sure that the undesirable genes are actually bred out and can reappear in a later cross where the genes are not sort of balanced out / masked by a combination of superior genes.

I do think crossing hermie with a strain that is known not to hermie would result in plants in F2 that are like the hermie but without the undesirable genetics.

I still plan to try that lab test some day... just wonder if it tests negative for hermie if I can then still stress it or it's offspring to hermie. I unfortunately expect that is the case.
 

bf80255

Well-Known Member
Me too man. My ICE cross apparently has it, while it's the one with more than half (maybe 100% geno but doesn't always express the pheno) whorled... if it didn't have that I perhaps would have been able to finish a whorled strain this year.


At first I thought it just shows how little actual breeding experience there is combined and at what poor level cannabis breeding is. How can you not breed out the most annoying trait after so many years... but hemp research shows cannabis sativa can be a real bitch.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10681-004-4758-7
The sexual differentiation of Cannabis sativa L.: A morphological and molecular study
Maybe there's a complete version online, or perhaps buy it.

Googling that one again also showed:
http://www.bio.uaic.ro/publicatii/anale_biochimie/data/archive/papers/2007/2/2007_Anale_GBM_VIII_f2_l07.pdf
" The most frequent are the monoecious forms, classified in more categories, on a five-point scale, depending on female flowers/male flowers ratio."
"In breeding activity, the early establishment of the sex would be necessary, imposed by the necessity to remove, from agronomic reasons, the male plants or the high masculinized monoecious plants."

Autoflowering and color are qualitative traits (traits a plant has or hasn't, and based on just on or few genes)), height is at least partly quantitative (like yield, thc level, flower duration, which are based on multiple genes). Qualitative traits are very suitable for breeding mendelian style, while for quantitative traits putting the best with the best is usually the way to go (unless you have 1 exceptional small/frosty/fat/fast pheno).

I honestly don't know where intersex fits in. With an early full blown hermi it seems qualitative. It's either monoecious or it isn't.

But with females that spawn nanners in buds, well, as that last pdf says, a five-point scale, depending on female flowers/male flowers ratio, in other words is treated quantitative. Putting the best with the best to breed out traits entirely requires large plant counts and many generations. Basically the second quote from that second article shows also it's treated as a quantitative trait.

While we want to treat it as a qualitative. We don't want to reduce the amount of male flowers to a minimum but breed out the genes that cause it entirely. That requires those genes are replace by a copies that don't result in male flowers which may not exist in a population even though the others usually don't express it. With a quantitative approach you also could still have the same gene in the strain but the plants are vigorous and stable and stress-resistant enough that they never express it. So it's really hard to know for sure that the undesirable genes are actually bred out and can reappear in a later cross where the genes are not sort of balanced out / masked by a combination of superior genes.

I do think crossing hermie with a strain that is known not to hermie would result in plants in F2 that are like the hermie but without the undesirable genetics.

I still plan to try that lab test some day... just wonder if it tests negative for hermie if I can then still stress it or it's offspring to hermie. I unfortunately expect that is the case.
Im hoping to be able to take pinkie out 20 or so generations so that I can test a lot of these theories and finally figure it out or at least get close enough to something "concrete"

ps. im gunna read the links im just trying to watch a fight and im on acid and dabs so..... hahaha
 

Sativied

Well-Known Member
Just speculation but this: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_crossover

+

this:
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoautosomal_region
"Crossing over between the X and Y chromosomes is normally restricted to the pseudoautosomal regions; thus, pseudoautosomal genes exhibit an autosomal, rather than sex-linked, pattern of inheritance. So, females can inherit an allele originally present on the Y chromosome of their father and males can inherit an allele originally present on the X chromosome of their father."

could explain it all... if the genetics that contribute to male flowers are on a pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosome Y they can and occassionaly will cross over to X. Which also means something crosses over back from X to Y, i.e. X loses something. The ability to prevent male flower production for example. Maybe just enough to tip the balance.

And crossing over isn't rare either, the resulting ratio and number of occurence is used to map the distance between genes.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12835935
Research showing cannabis sativa does indeed have such a pseudoautosomal region...

upload_2015-4-20_2-8-35.png

Point is not all genes on the sex chromosomes are actually sex-linked and that could include genetics we associate with 'male', 'female', 'hermi'.
 

bf80255

Well-Known Member
great link


http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_chromosome


Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes, but there are only 22 pairs of homologous autosomal chromosomes. The additional 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes, X and Y. If this pair is made up of an X and Y chromosome, then the pair is not truly homologous because their size and types of genes differ slightly. The 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes contain the same genes but code for different traits in their allelic forms since one was inherited from the mother and one from the father. So humans have two homologous chromosome sets in each cells, meaning humans are diploid organisms.

homologous crossover can only occur between homologous chromosomes such as XX how can it be possible using XY and XX plants in an inbreeding situation (full sib)

wouldnt this be possible with a trait like "trichome type" ( sativas hair type, indicas capitate stalked [more bulbous]) where each gene would be inherited independently from the parents and contain the same genes but code for different traits?

what is sex linked in cannabis then if anything? I have yet to find any traits that appear to be sex linked myself.

I have a feeling its much more complex than well be able to solve without sequencing the plants genes in a couple of highly refined inbred lines.
 

Sativied

Well-Known Member
what is sex linked
Anything that is on the sex chromosomes but not on the pseudoautosomal regions. While it's known cannabis has such a region, how large and many regions and what genes.... All it takes is just a little piece of code that tips the balance between female and male (regulator/modifier genes). Which yes, doesn't include most traits (far over 90% is not sex linked).

I have a feeling its much more complex than well be able to solve without sequencing the plants genes in a couple of highly refined inbred lines.
Yes. Which unfortunately may give certain evil corporations an advantage.

homologous crossover can only occur between homologous chromosomes such as XX how can it be possible using XY
They still behave partly as homologous, that homologous region is the exception, which allows X and Y to line up.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22079/


And find attached the complete PDF version of the doc I mentioned earlier: The sexual differentiation of Cannabis sativa L.: A morphological and molecular study

Couple of quotes:
" however, sex determination in Cannabis has been supposed to be based on a X:autosome dosage rather than on an active-Y mechanism (Westgaard, 1958; Grant et al., 1994"

As in it needs two good X working together to become fully female.

"There are no specific reports about the chromosome set of monoecious plants." (no report about possible XXY or similar in real hermies).

"This observation led to the hypothesis that these sequences might have a role in maintaining the structure of Y chromosome and that they can contribute to the morphological and structural differentiation of the sex chromosomes, by creating heteromorphic regions in which the recombination is prevented (Sakamoto et al., 2000; Peil et al., 2003)"

"The ability to undergo sexual reversion is thought to have a genetic base: some ecotypes such as the Italian Carmagnola are very resistant to any sex reversion treatment, while plants belong"

There it is, the Italian Carmagnola... assuming it still crosses with mj, borrowing its relevant genes would be similar to using ruderalis for auto genes.

"It is known that the treatment with masculinizing or feminizing chemical agents is effective in determining the formation of the opposite sex reproductive organs even in plants that are already sexually well differentiated. Chemicals that inhibit the biosynthesis or the activity of ethylene, such as aminoetoxyvinylglycine, silver thiosulphate and silver nitrate, have a masculinizing effect, while the precursors or activators of the biosynthesis of ethylene, like etephon, have a feminizing effect (Mohan Ram & Sett, 1982a, 1982b)."

So etephon to turn males in females and taste them. Back to the male hermie for breeding, either the X insists on producing ethylene or the Y isn't able to prevent it.
 

Attachments

bf80255

Well-Known Member
Anything that is on the sex chromosomes but not on the pseudoautosomal regions. While it's known cannabis has such a region, how large and many regions and what genes.... All it takes is just a little piece of code that tips the balance between female and male (regulator/modifier genes). Which yes, doesn't include most traits (far over 90% is not sex linked).

Yes. Which unfortunately may give certain evil corporations an advantage.

They still behave partly as homologous, that homologous region is the exception, which allows X and Y to line up.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22079/


And find attached the complete PDF version of the doc I mentioned earlier: The sexual differentiation of Cannabis sativa L.: A morphological and molecular study

Couple of quotes:
" however, sex determination in Cannabis has been supposed to be based on a X:autosome dosage rather than on an active-Y mechanism (Westgaard, 1958; Grant et al., 1994"

As in it needs two good X working together to become fully female.

"There are no specific reports about the chromosome set of monoecious plants." (no report about possible XXY or similar in real hermies).

"This observation led to the hypothesis that these sequences might have a role in maintaining the structure of Y chromosome and that they can contribute to the morphological and structural differentiation of the sex chromosomes, by creating heteromorphic regions in which the recombination is prevented (Sakamoto et al., 2000; Peil et al., 2003)"

"The ability to undergo sexual reversion is thought to have a genetic base: some ecotypes such as the Italian Carmagnola are very resistant to any sex reversion treatment, while plants belong"

There it is, the Italian Carmagnola... assuming it still crosses with mj, borrowing its relevant genes would be similar to using ruderalis for auto genes.

"It is known that the treatment with masculinizing or feminizing chemical agents is effective in determining the formation of the opposite sex reproductive organs even in plants that are already sexually well differentiated. Chemicals that inhibit the biosynthesis or the activity of ethylene, such as aminoetoxyvinylglycine, silver thiosulphate and silver nitrate, have a masculinizing effect, while the precursors or activators of the biosynthesis of ethylene, like etephon, have a feminizing effect (Mohan Ram & Sett, 1982a, 1982b)."

So etephon to turn males in females and taste them. Back to the male hermie for breeding, either the X insists on producing ethylene or the Y isn't able to prevent it.

thanks bro, good shit. ill have to read through that later but thanks for clarifying, makes sense.

I couldnt find any plant named italian carmagnola, just a city a rabbit and some other crap.

I kinda fear that your right about the big evil corps beating us to the advanced stuff :( seems like they are miles ahead, that is really motivating me to get a degree in biochem so I can at least be a part of it when legalization goes through 100% yah know? Id hate to see someone like monsanto be the first ones to capitalize on cannabis's legality.
 

Sativied

Well-Known Member
Some more reading material:

The draft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3359589/pdf/gb-2011-12-10-r102.pdf

"Cannabis has a diploid genome (2n = 20) with a kar- yotype composed of nine autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y). Female plants are homoga- metic (XX) and males heterogametic (XY) with sex determination controlled by an X-to-autosome balance system [20]. The estimated size of the haploid genome is 818 Mb for female plants and 843 Mb for male plants..."

X-to-autosome balance: A genotypic sex determination system in which the ratio between the numbers of X chromosomes and number of sets of autosomes is the primary determinant of sex.

In other words, in our case, 2 X is female, 1 X is male. The two X combined result in the amount of proteines and hormone balance that make it express as female. This is opposed to a male-determining system (according to one of the experts, Professor Brian Charlesworth).

A female hermie (XX) has one or two inferior X's.

A male hermie (XY that turned female) has a superior X that partly or entirely makes up for the lack of the of the second X.

Bases on that limited insight I got to say that male hermie theory seems a lot more plausible. That superior X may even balance an inferior one, i.e. can be used to breed out intersex...
 

Sativied

Well-Known Member
I couldnt find any plant named italian carmagnola, just a city a rabbit and some other crap
Google carmagnola hemp. I don't know if that's even available to consumers, and worse, might be Monsanto-ed already.
 
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Bad Karma

Well-Known Member
I would really like some concrete answers as to why the hermi trait is so prevelant! why cant it be bred out like autoflowering or other traits like color or height?
Simply put, the hermi trait in cannabis is part of it's ability to reproduce, in extreme circumstances. It's an "in case of emergency break glass" kind of way to make sure the bloodline continues. So no matter how hard we might try, we'll never fully be able to breed this trait away, and that's probably a good thing.
 

moondance

Well-Known Member
I had an outdoor monster girl do that but never knew her genetics. I should have something around...not sure it's been 3 years since that run.
9-14-12 003.JPG
 
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