if you're talking about a stand-alone bucket dwc system, 5 gallons all the way. they hold more nutrients, which means less time in between top-offs and changes. when your plants start drinking a gallon of water and more a day, you'll appreciate the extra volume.
if you're talking about a recirculating or ebb n flow bucket system, usually 3.5 gallon buckets nested inside 5 gallon buckets.
i use 5 gallon buckets with 6inch net pots. might be overkill, but it gives more room for the roots to hang on to, making a sturdier plant imo.