Cannabis is an annual, indigenous to temperate, '4 season' climates, designed to cope with cold winters.
It sprouts, grows vegetatively then flowers and produces seed come the shortening days of autumn. Once seeds are mature, the buds die back and the seeds drop, hopefully to sprout in the next spring.
Cannabis is not a perennial though can be treated like one in the controlled conditions of a grow room. You can run a plant through to flower, cut it back, trim the rootmass, return it to veg growth, veg it up and flower it again, all by manipulating the day/night lengths. However, vigor and productivity is likely to be poor on the second pass.