Lighting

Light is needed by a plant for using nutrients and manufacturing food. It has a great influence on chlorophyll production, growth rate, leaf size, and flower and seed production. Light will be one of the most important aspects of your grow operation. For the purposes of growing marijuana, there are two basic types of lights: fluorescent's and high intensity discharge (HID), including MV (mercury vapor), MH (metal halide), and HPS (high pressure sodium).
HID vs. Fluorescent

The main difference is that fluorescent's create light by passing electricity through a gas vapor under low pressure and HID creates light by passing electricity through a gas vapor under high pressure. HID lights are much brighter and while initially more expensive, are more cost efficient to operate and will grow a much nicer crop. Therefore, they are the light of choice for most indoor growers.
Fluorescent

Fluorescents come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. There are compacts, twist bulbs and circle bulbs. They all work the same way. They have a starter and ballast which help provide a steady and regulated amount of electricity to the light. Before HID lights were available indoor growers used fluorescent lights. While fluorescents can be used for an entire grow from seedling to harvest, it is generally not advised to use them in this way. To grow effectively with fluorescent's, think small. These lights are better suited for starting seedlings, rooting clones and small plants, maintaining moms for cloning purposes, and providing sidelight for the undergrowth. These situations do not require a high intensity of light to run their course. The light emitted by fluorescents is gentler and more diffuse, it doesn't release a lot of heat, and doesn't make the plant work as hard. For this reason they can be kept closer to the plant. One or two inches is sufficient, but this also means that the lights must be adjusted almost daily to accommodate growth which can be troublesome.
High Intensity Discharge

There are basically three types of HID lights. Mercury vapor (MV), metal halide (MH), and high pressure sodium (HPS). These lights also require a starter and a ballast.
Mercury Vapor

Mercury vapor is the type of lights that were used for streetlights many years ago. Not very good for growing because it doesn't provide enough of the right kind of light spectrum. While they do provide a littleof the blue spectrum, MV also produces too much heat to get very close to a plant, and are very inefficient to operate.
Metal Halide

The metal halide is a very good source of the white/blue spectrum of light that is ideal for vegetative growth. Many growers use MH during the vegetative phase. MH is bright and cost efficient to operate, but not as efficient as HPS lights. Most commonly used sizes are 400 watt and 1,000 watt. Works best when used in combination with HPS lights.
High Pressure Sodium

The best light available today for growing marijuana. High pressure sodium lights are very bright and very efficient. This light has a red/orange spectrum that is ideal for the flowering phase. With enough of these kind of lights you too can grow those centerfold buds. HPS comes in a wide variety of wattages from 70 watts up to 1,000 watts.
Lighting Forumlas

To correctly determine the best lighting for your space there are several things that you have to know. At this point, a couple of definitions are in order. The amount of light emitted by one candle that falls on one square foot of surface one foot away is called a lumen (lm). The amount of electricity flowing through a wire is measured in watts. Watt (W) hours measure the amount of watts used in one hour. A kilowatt/hour (kWh) is 1,000 watt/hours (Wh).
Lumens Per Square Foot

To determine how many lumens per square foot you have, find out the square footage of your space by multiplying the width and depth. Divide the lumens available by your square footage. This will give you lumens per square foot. For example, say your space is 3 feet deep by 4 feet wide, for a total of 12 square feet. The total lumens available from your light(s) is 45,000 lumens, which means you have 3,750 lumens per square foot.
How Much Light Do I Need?

Technology has advanced so much in the last 15 years that we are constantly refining the process and updating what we know works best for growing. Current theory holds that the minimum amount of lighting needed to sustain growth is around 2,000 lumens per square foot. Mid range is around 5,000 lumens per square foot. Optimal is 7,000 to 7,500 or higher lumens per square foot.
Can I Have Too Much Light?

The basic answer is no. According to the law of diminishing returns, you could theoretically reach a point when your plants just couldn't absorb any more light, but it would be impossible to have that many lights in your space. Heat from the lights would become a problem long before you ever reached that point. So use as many lights as you want, just control the heat.
Experimentation is the only sure method to determine the best solution for each plant. If plants are not receiving enough light, they begin to grow tall and spindly as if stretching for the light and foliage becomes pale green. Or, if they need to be moved closer to the light, or given a longer light exposure period. Too much light may lead to bleaching of leaves and flowers, browning and shriveling. Leaves would become overly compact and curl under at the edges.

Whilst any attempt to inform and advise newer growers to the complexities of plant light requirements should be applauded, to produce such a dogmatic one-eyed view of the situation in favour of HID and HPS systems, with no thought given at all to new lighting devlopments and techniques is almost as bad as producing no guide at all.

To say that HID and HPS systems have become the indoor growers lights of choice is perfectly true, but that's only because up until recently they were the only viable options in terms of sheer lumen output that growers had - there are other choices now with recent compact flourescent developments. To simply write off flourescents as only good for seedling, rooting clones and small plants is to completely ignore these current and recent developments.

Compact flourescent lights (cfl) can and do offer a very viable alternative to HID and HPS systems in many smaller grower situations.

There are three distinct disadvantages to HID and HPS lights in relation to the newer cfls -

1) They're more expensive to run in terms of wattage used;
2) They produce a lot more heat build up, requiring more expensive and sophisticated extraction and ventilation systems;
3) Whilst lumen output is high, a lot of those lumens are lost through not being the correct light spectrum and having to be positioned so far away from the tops of plants due to the heat. The further away a light is from its target the less lumens it receives.

The new Envirolite compact flourescents overcome the traditional drawbacks to flourescent lights by providing much higher lumen outputs than have previously been available, but just as importantly provide the correct colour spectrum output in the two versions available for vegetative and flowering growth. In other words, all the lumens you get with envirolites are used by the plants. Current Envirolites come in two sizes and two 'colour temperatures' -

Blue for vegetative growth (350 – 500 NW) in 125w (12,000 lumens) and 200w 18,000 lumens)
Red for flowering growth (600 – 700 NW) in 125w (12,000 lumens) and 200w (18,000 lumens)

The other advantages to these Envirolites is the ability to position the lights inches away from the tops of plants due to the much lower heat output - thus the plants receive all the lumens available.

It's not hard to see that by using 2 x 200w Envirolites positioned close to the tops of plants can produce a lumen output of around 36,000 lumens, which compares very well to that of a standard 400w HPS or HID system outputting 50,000 lumens but having to be positioned 2 feet away from the tops of the plants. Not only do the 2 200w Envirolites provide a similar lumen output to the 400w hps (when distance is factored in) they're also cheaper to run and produce far less heat output.

It's fair to say that the cost of a 2 x 200w Envirolite system (2 x 200w blue and 2 x 200w red) + hood is probably around 30% more expensive than an equivalent HPS system, that extra money is easily recouped by the lower operating costs in terms of wattage used over a period of their use.

Don't dismiss Envirolite compact flourescents so easily - they do provide a very viable alternative to the more common and widespread use of HID and HPS systems.

Another post that needs to be a "sticky."

Vi

Nice info m8....

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Trichome - http://www.rollitup.org/marijuana-pics/index.php?n=445
Hydro and Soil Water ph Range - http://www.rollitup.org/marijuana-pics/index.php?n=444
Light Colour Temperature Chart - http://www.mediacollege.com/lighting...mperature.html
Plant Abuse Chart and Photos - http://www.drugs-forum.com/growfaq/97.htm

“When you smoke the herb, it reveals you to yourself.”

Reserving this spot

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-=4:20=-Guys links:!HARVEST! Purple Kush (link right to harvest pics) : My Room : Power Consumption / Light Cost

I disagree with "They're more expensive to run in terms of wattage used". I switched from hps to t5's and saw a big jump in my electric bill. We are talking a $20 plus increase. I was told that the t5's would decrease my bill because I didn't have to run that mean old energy sucking hps and it's ballast. What a bunch of crap.

Are u running the same wattage at the same period of time during the same hours of the day????

__________________

Trichome - http://www.rollitup.org/marijuana-pics/index.php?n=445
Hydro and Soil Water ph Range - http://www.rollitup.org/marijuana-pics/index.php?n=444
Light Colour Temperature Chart - http://www.mediacollege.com/lighting...mperature.html
Plant Abuse Chart and Photos - http://www.drugs-forum.com/growfaq/97.htm

“When you smoke the herb, it reveals you to yourself.”

wattage slightly higher
running 4 hours a day less
surprized by the amount of heat the t5 puts off

some may find this useful

Attached Images

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	1157989-Foot-Candle%20Chart%20HPS.jpg (149.2 KB, 933 views)

Very good info thx.. I would like to use Flourescent myself...